Iindaba

Kutheni iiNkqubo zoMbane zeZigaba eziThathu zinokunika abasebenzi basezimayini ithuba lokukhuphisana ngelixa i-ASIC iNtsebenziswano iyancipha
Ukususela ekuqalisweni komgodi wokuqala we-ASIC kwi-2013, imigodi ye-Bitcoin ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ngokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle ukusuka kwi-1,200 J / TH ukuya kwi-15 J / TH kuphela. Ngelixa ezi nzuzo ziqhutywa bubuchwepheshe be-chip obuphuculweyo, ngoku sifikelele kwimida ye-silicon-based semiconductors. Njengoko ubuchule buqhubeka buphucuka, ugxininiso kufuneka lutshintshele ekwandiseni eminye imiba yezemigodi, ngakumbi ukusetwa kwamandla.
Kwimigodi yeBitcoin, amandla amanqanaba amathathu abe yindlela engcono kumandla wesigaba esinye. Njengoko ii-ASIC ezingakumbi ziyilelwe umbane wesigaba esithathu, iziseko zophuhliso lwemigodi yexesha elizayo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukuphumeza inkqubo yesigaba esithathu se-480V, ngakumbi xa kujongwa ukuxhaphaka kwayo kunye nokukaleka kuMntla Melika.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka konikezelo lwamandla amanqanaba amathathu xa kusembiwa i-Bitcoin, kufuneka uqale uqonde iziseko zenkqubo yenqanaba elinye kunye nenqanaba lesithathu.
Amandla akwinqanaba elinye lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwamandla asetyenziswa kwizicelo zokuhlala. Iqukethe iingcingo ezimbini: intambo yesigaba kunye nentambo engathathi hlangothi. I-voltage kwinkqubo yesigaba esinye iyaguquguquka kwipatheni ye-sinusoidal, ngamandla anikezelweyo aphakamileyo kwaye awele kwi-zero kabini ngexesha lomjikelo ngamnye.
Khawube nomfanekiso wakho utyhala umntu ejingi. Ngokutyhala ngakunye, ujingi ujingi uya phambili, emva koko, ufikelele kwindawo ephezulu, emva koko uhle uye kweyona ndawo isezantsi, uze uphinde utyhale kwakhona.
Njengo-oscillations, iinkqubo zamandla zesigaba esinye nazo zinamaxesha obuninzi kunye ne-zero yamandla aphumayo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle, ngakumbi xa kufuneka unikezelo oluzinzileyo, nangona kwizicelo zokuhlala ezo zenzo zokungasebenzi kakuhle zingenamsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ekufuneni izicelo zamashishini ezifana nemigodi yeBitcoin, oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umbane wezigaba ezithathu usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo. Iqukethe iingcingo zesigaba ezintathu, ezibonelela ngombane ozinzile kwaye othembekileyo.
Ngokufanayo, usebenzisa umzekelo wokujingi, cinga ukuba abantu abathathu batyhala ujingi, kodwa ikhefu lexesha phakathi kokutyhala ngakunye lahlukile. Omnye umntu utyhala ujingi xa iqalisa ukucotha emva kokutyhala okokuqala, omnye ayityhale isinye kwisithathu sendlela, aze owesithathu ayityhale isibini esithathwini sendlela. Ngenxa yoko, i-swing ihamba kakuhle kwaye ilungelelene ngenxa yokuba ihlala ityhalwa kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo, eziqinisekisa ukuhamba rhoqo.
Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zamandla ezithathu zibonelela ngokuhamba rhoqo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kombane, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka, oku luncedo kakhulu kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana ne-Bitcoin mining.
Imigodi ye-Bitcoin ihambe indlela ende ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo, kwaye iimfuno zombane zitshintshile kakhulu kwiminyaka.
Ngaphambi kwe-2013, abasebenzi basezimayini basebenzisa ii-CPU kunye ne-GPUs kwi-Bitcoin. Njengoko inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ikhula kwaye ukhuphiswano lwanda, ukufika kwe-ASIC (i-application-specific integrated circuit) abavukuzi bawutshintshe ngokwenene umdlalo. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ngokukodwa i-Bitcoin mining kwaye zibonelela ngokusebenza ngokungafaniyo kunye nokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, aba matshini badla amandla amaninzi nangaphezulu, befuna ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokubonelela ngombane.
Kwi-2016, oomatshini bezimayini ezinamandla kakhulu babenesantya sekhompyutheni ye-13 TH / s kwaye badla malunga ne-1,300 watts. Nangona imigodi ngale rig yayingasebenzi kakuhle ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje, yayinengeniso ngelo xesha ngenxa yokhuphiswano oluphantsi kwinethiwekhi. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza inzuzo efanelekileyo kwimeko yanamhlanje yokhuphiswano, abasebenzi-mgodini bamaziko ngoku baxhomekeke kwizixhobo zemigodi ezisebenzisa malunga neewathi ezingama-3,510 zombane.
Njengoko amandla e-ASIC kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kwemigodi ephezulu ziqhubeka zikhula, ukulinganiselwa kweenkqubo zombane zesigaba esisodwa kubonakala. Ukufudukela kumandla amanqanaba amathathu kuba linyathelo elisengqiqweni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ezikhulayo zeshishini.
Inqanaba lesithathu i-480V sele lide libe ngumgangatho kwiindawo zoshishino eMntla Melika, eMzantsi Melika, nakwezinye iindawo. Yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezininzi malunga nokusebenza kakuhle, ukonga iindleko, kunye nokwanda. Ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwesigaba sesithathu samandla e-480V kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwimisebenzi efuna ixesha eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqwelo, ngakumbi kwihlabathi elihamba ngesiqingatha.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zombane wezigaba ezithathu kukukwazi ukubonelela ngamandla aphezulu oxinaniso, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zemigodi zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ukongezelela, ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokunikezelwa kombane yamanqanaba amathathu kunokukhokelela ekugcinweni okubalulekileyo kwiindleko zeziseko zombane. Ii-transformers ezimbalwa, i-wiring encinci, kunye nesidingo esincitshisiweyo sezixhobo zokuzinzisa umbane kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokufakela kunye nokugcinwa.
Ngokomzekelo, kwi-208V yesigaba sesithathu, umthwalo we-17.3kW uya kufuna i-48 amps yangoku. Nangona kunjalo, xa inikwe amandla ngumthombo we-480V, umzobo wangoku wehla ukuya kuma-amps angama-24 kuphela. Ukusika i-current kwisiqingatha akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, kodwa kunciphisa imfuno yeengcingo ezinzulu, ezibiza kakhulu.
Njengoko imisebenzi yezimayini isanda, ukukwazi ukunyusa ngokulula umthamo ngaphandle kweenguqu ezibalulekileyo kwiziseko zombane kubalulekile. Iinkqubo kunye namacandelo enzelwe i-480V amandla amanqanaba amathathu anikezela ukufumaneka okuphezulu, okuvumela abavukuzi ukuba balinganise imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Njengoko i-Bitcoin imboni yezimayini ikhula, kukho indlela ecacileyo yokuphuhlisa ii-ASIC ezininzi ezihambelana nomgangatho wesigaba sesithathu. Ukuyila izibonelelo zemigodi kunye nesigaba sesithathu se-480V ukucwangciswa akusombululi kuphela ingxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwangoku, kodwa kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba isiseko sinobungqina bexesha elizayo. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi basezimayini ukuba badibanise ngokungenamthungo ubugcisa obutsha obunokuthi bayilwe ngezigaba ezithathu zokuhambelana kwamandla engqondweni.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi, ukuntywiliselwa ukupholisa kunye nokupholisa amanzi zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokulinganisa i-Bitcoin yemigodi ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-hashing. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhasa amandla anjalo ekhompyuter aphezulu, unikezelo lwamandla amanqanaba amathathu kufuneka lucwangciswe ukuze kugcinwe umgangatho ofanayo wokonga amandla. Ngamafutshane, oku kuya kubangela iingeniso zokusebenza eziphezulu kwipesenteji yomda ofanayo.
Ukutshintshela kwinkqubo yamandla ezigaba ezithathu kufuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kunye nokuphunyezwa. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo asisiseko okuphumeza amandla amanqanaba amathathu ekusebenzeni kwakho kwemigodi yeBitcoin.
Inyathelo lokuqala ekuphumezeni inkqubo yamandla ezigaba ezithathu kukuvavanya iimfuno zamandla okusebenza kwakho kwemigodi. Oku kubandakanya ukubala usetyenziso lwamandla lulonke lwazo zonke izixhobo zemigodi kunye nokumisela umthamo wenkqubo yamandla efanelekileyo.
Ukuphucula izibonelelo zakho zombane ukuxhasa inkqubo yamandla ezigaba ezithathu kunokufuna ukufakela iitransformer ezintsha, iingcingo, kunye neziqhekeza zeesekethe. Kubalulekile ukusebenza nomntu osebenza ngombane oqeqeshiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakela kuhlangabezana nemigangatho nemimiselo yokhuseleko.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi basezimayini be-ASIC banamhlanje benzelwe ukusebenza kumandla amanqanaba amathathu. Nangona kunjalo, iimodeli ezindala zinokufuna ukuguqulwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuguqula amandla. Ukumisela i-rig yakho yemigodi ukuze isebenze kumandla amanqanaba amathathu linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo kwemisebenzi yezemigodi, kubalulekile ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokugcina kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi. Oku kuquka ukufakwa kweejenereyitha zokuxhasa, unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo, kunye neesekethe ezigcinayo zokukhusela ngokuchasene nokucima kombane kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo.
Nje ukuba inkqubo yamandla ezigaba ezithathu isebenze, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo nokugcinwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukulinganisa umthwalo, kunye nokugcinwa kokuthintela kunokunceda ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki ezinokuthi zichaphazele imisebenzi.
Ikamva lemigodi yeBitcoin lisekusetyenzisweni ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo yombane. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yokucubungula i-chip ifikelela kwimida yabo, ukunikel' ingqalelo kwiisetingi zamandla kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu, ngakumbi iinkqubo ze-480V, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezinokuguqula imisebenzi yemigodi yeBitcoin.
Iinkqubo zamandla ezigaba ezithathu zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zeshishini lezemigodi ngokubonelela ngoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphuculweyo, iindleko ezisezantsi zeziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokukaleka. Ukuphumeza inkqubo enjalo kufuna ukucwangciswa ngocoselelo nokuphunyezwa, kodwa iinzuzo ziyodlula lee imingeni.
Njengoko ishishini lezimayini zeBitcoin liqhubeka likhula, ukwamkelwa konikezelo lwamandla amanqanaba amathathu kunokuvula indlela yokusebenza ezinzileyo kunye nenenzuzo. Ngeziseko ezichanekileyo ezikhoyo, abasebenzi basezimayini bangasebenzisa amandla apheleleyo ezixhobo zabo kwaye bahlale bekhokela kwihlabathi elikhuphisanayo lemigodi yeBitcoin.
Esi sisithuba seendwendwe nguChristian Lucas weSicwangciso seBitdeer. Izimvo ezivakalisiweyo zezakhe kuphela kwaye azibonisi iimbono zeBTC Inc okanye iBitcoin Magazine.